Are deposit return schemes really the best way to cut litter and emissions?

Synopsis

Scotland implements a deposit return scheme (DRS) in August 2023, adding 20 pence to the cost of each drink container, refundable upon return. This initiative aims to reduce litter and promote a circular economy. Similar DRS systems operate in Europe, North America, Israel, and parts of the Caribbean, with Canada being the first to introduce legally binding deposit returns in 1970. Germany leads in DRS recovery, with 98% of drinks containers returned, significantly reducing waste from 3 billion disposable containers annually before 2003. Critics argue that the scheme may impose extra costs on store owners and shoppers, while local councils could lose income from redirected recyclables. However, studies suggest that savings from reduced litter and collection volumes may outweigh these losses. Packaging experts highlight that deposit schemes can save raw materials, energy, and CO2 emissions, although some environmental benefits remain uncertain, particularly regarding single-use plastics in Germany's system.