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Istanbul served as a Roman capital for over 1,000 years, evolving through various names and cultures before becoming a modern metropolis.
Constantine's arch, built to celebrate his victory over Maxentius, stands 6 stories high and is located just 91 meters from the Coliseum in Rome.
Hagia Sophia's dome soars 180 feet high and has survived centuries of earthquakes since its completion in 537 AD, transforming from church to mosque to museum.
Excavations beneath Istanbul revealed the ancient harbor of Theodosious, lost for 800 years, during the construction of a new transportation tunnel.
Istanbul's population surged from 1.5 million in 1960 to over 10 million by 2000, reflecting its rapid urban expansion and economic growth.
Dozens of runestones in modern-day Sweden document the Viking warriors who died in faraway Greece and Turkey during their expeditions in Eastern Europe.
In 793 AD, a raid on Lindisfarne marked the beginning of the Viking Age, leading to Norse expansion across Britain and beyond.
A single foreign bead found in a Viking burial site in Repton, England, revealed a vast network of trade reaching thousands of miles to Baghdad.
Of the half a million men who crossed into Russia in 1812, fewer than 50,000 survived to return home after a brutal campaign.
Constantine ruled the Roman Empire from 306 to 337 AD and played a key role in legalizing Christianity, but questions remain about his true beliefs.
Istanbul, home to 16 million people, has a rich history as Byzantium and Constantinople, reflecting a blend of tradition and modernity.
On October 4, 1883, the first Orient Express departed from Paris with 24 passengers, despite skepticism about its success.
800 precious books are said to have been brought to Moscow from Constantinople in 1453, sparking the legend of Ivan the Terrible's hidden library.
A torpedo can reach speeds of more than 300 kilometers per hour, marking a significant advancement in naval warfare technology.
A team has three days to reconstruct a flame-throwing boat that helped the Byzantine Empire survive a four-year siege in 678 AD.
The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD resulted from internal strife, economic collapse, plagues, and barbarian invasions, notably the Visigothic sack of Rome.
Greek Fire gives Constantinople hope against Arab forces by targeting enemy ships effectively.
In just under a decade, from 1347 to 1356, the Black Death killed at least 25 million Europeans, one-third of Europe's population.
Suleiman the Magnificent commissioned the construction of the Süleymaniye Mosque, which was completed in just seven years by architect Mimar Sinan.
An estimated 78,000 square kilometers of Byzantine territory were lost by 1080 due to invasions and internal strife, threatening the empire's stability.
